Introducing ICT systems

بواسطة: OpenLearn

Overview

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) systems now dominate our everyday lives. This free course, Introducing ICT systems, will explain what constitutes such a system and how ICT systems work. You will also look at how ICT systems convey, store and manipulate data, and how they process data. Finally you will learn how these systems are used.

Syllabus

  • Introduction
  • Learning outcomes
  • 1 Describing an ICT system
  • 1 Describing an ICT system
  • 2 Exploring systems
  • 2 Exploring systems
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 A system map
  • 2.2.1 Subsystems
  • 2.2.2 Drawing the boundary
  • 2.3 Models of an ICT system
  • 3 Communication systems
  • 3 Communication systems
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Looking into the 'means of conveying a message'
  • 4 System components
  • 4 System components
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.1.1 The transmitter
  • 4.1.2 The network
  • 4.1.3 The receiver
  • 5 The processes
  • 5 The processes
  • 6 Communication links
  • 6 Communication links
  • 6.1 Networks
  • 6.2 Working with bits
  • 7 Describing an ICT system: conclusion
  • 7 Describing an ICT system: conclusion
  • 8 Computers
  • 8 Computers
  • 9 A stand-alone computer
  • 9 A stand-alone computer
  • 10 Sending and receiving data
  • 10 Sending and receiving data
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Ports
  • 11 Manipulating data
  • 11 Manipulating data
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 The processor
  • 11.3 Memory
  • 11.4 Computer software
  • 11.5 Programming languages
  • 11.6 Operating systems
  • 11.7 Applications
  • 12 Storing data
  • 12 Storing data
  • 12.1 Introduction
  • 12.2 Bytes of data
  • 13 Different types of storage
  • 13 Different types of storage
  • 13.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 Magnetic storage
  • 13.3 Optical storage
  • 13.4 Flash memory
  • 14 Networked computers
  • 14 Networked computers
  • 14.1 Introduction
  • 14.2 Modelling networked computers
  • 4.2.1 First computer (your computer)
  • 4.2.2 Network
  • 4.2.3 Second computer (the FirstClass server)
  • 14.3 Personal Digital Assistants
  • 15 Computers and communication systems working together
  • 15 Computers and communication systems working together
  • 16 ICT systems in a supermarket
  • 16 ICT systems in a supermarket
  • 16.1 Introduction
  • 16.2 Processes at the checkout
  • 16.2.1 Receiving data
  • 16.2.2 Storing and retrieving data
  • 16.2.3 Manipulating data
  • 16.2.4 Sending data
  • 16.3 Networked computers in the supermarket checkout system
  • 16.4 The network
  • 16.5 The database server
  • 16.6 Pricing and stock control
  • 16.7 A loyalty card scheme
  • 16.8 Linking data
  • 16.9 Identity in an ICT system
  • 17 Taking an overview of ICT systems
  • 17 Taking an overview of ICT systems
  • 17.1 Introduction
  • 17.2 The checkout terminal
  • 17.3 The network
  • 17.4 The database server
  • 18 Electronic commerce
  • 18 Electronic commerce
  • 18.1 Introduction
  • 18.2 Using e-commerce
  • 19 Conclusion
  • 19 Conclusion
  • References
  • Acknowledgements
Introducing ICT systems
الذهاب الي الدورة

Introducing ICT systems

بواسطة: OpenLearn

  • OpenLearn
  • مجانية
  • الإنجليزية
  • متاح شهادة
  • متاح في أي وقت
  • beginner
  • N/A
8.1.2PHP Version304msRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET ar/الدورات/{slug}Route
    • Booting (193ms)
    • Application (110ms)
    • 1 x Booting (63.64%)
      193.37ms
      1 x Application (36.11%)
      109.72ms
      14 templates were rendered
      • public.courses.show (resources/views/public/courses/show.blade.php)3bladefile
        Params
        0
        course
        1
        links
        2
        config
      • public.courses.partials.breadcrumbs (resources/views/public/courses/partials/breadcrumbs.blade.php)6bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        course
        4
        links
        5
        config
      • public.courses.partials.heading (resources/views/public/courses/partials/heading.blade.php)7bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        course
        4
        links
        5
        config
        6
        classes
      • public.courses.partials.details (resources/views/public/courses/partials/details.blade.php)6bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        course
        4
        links
        5
        config
      • public.courses.partials.breadcrumbs (resources/views/public/courses/partials/breadcrumbs.blade.php)6bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        course
        4
        links
        5
        config
      • public.courses.partials.heading (resources/views/public/courses/partials/heading.blade.php)7bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        course
        4
        links
        5
        config
        6
        classes
      • public.layouts.main (resources/views/public/layouts/main.blade.php)6bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        course
        4
        links
        5
        config
      • public.layouts.partials.meta (resources/views/public/layouts/partials/meta.blade.php)6bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        course
        4
        links
        5
        config
      • public.layouts.partials.navbar (resources/views/public/layouts/partials/navbar.blade.php)6bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        course
        4
        links
        5
        config
      • public.auth.profile.partials.links (resources/views/public/auth/profile/partials/links.blade.php)6bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        course
        4
        links
        5
        config
      • public.auth.profile.partials.link (resources/views/public/auth/profile/partials/link.blade.php)8bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        course
        4
        links
        5
        config
        6
        route
        7
        title
      • public.auth.profile.partials.link (resources/views/public/auth/profile/partials/link.blade.php)8bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        course
        4
        links
        5
        config
        6
        route
        7
        title
      • public.auth.profile.partials.link (resources/views/public/auth/profile/partials/link.blade.php)8bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        course
        4
        links
        5
        config
        6
        route
        7
        title
      • public.layouts.partials.flash-session (resources/views/public/layouts/partials/flash-session.blade.php)6bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        course
        4
        links
        5
        config
      uri
      GET ar/الدورات/{slug}
      middleware
      web, localize:ar
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\CourseController@show
      as
      ar.courses.show
      namespace
      prefix
      /ar
      where
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:17-35
      7 statements were executed4.56ms
      • select * from `courses` where `slug_ar` = 'introducing-ict-systems' limit 1
        3.25ms/app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:20corspedia
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. introducing-ict-systems
        Backtrace
        • 17. /app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:20
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • update `courses` set `visitors` = `visitors` + 1, `courses`.`updated_at` = '2025-02-10 19:42:59' where `id` = 652
        320μs/app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:21corspedia
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2025-02-10 19:42:59
        • 1. 652
        Backtrace
        • 17. /app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:21
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select `id`, `name_en`, `name_ar`, `topic_id`, `slug_en`, `slug_ar` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (76)
        200μs/app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23corspedia
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select `id`, `name_en`, `name_ar`, `slug_en`, `slug_ar` from `topics` where `topics`.`id` in (1)
        180μs/app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23corspedia
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 25. /app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23
        • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `institutions` where `institutions`.`id` in (25) and `institutions`.`deleted_at` is null
        200μs/app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23corspedia
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `providers` where `providers`.`id` in (10) and `providers`.`deleted_at` is null
        200μs/app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23corspedia
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `html_files` where `html_files`.`id` = 646 limit 1
        210μs/app/Models/Course.php:84corspedia
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 646
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Models/Course.php:84
        • 28. view::public.courses.show:29
        • 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:125
        • 31. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 32. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\HtmlFile
      1
      App\Models\Provider
      1
      App\Models\Institution
      1
      App\Models\Topic
      1
      App\Models\Subject
      1
      App\Models\Course
      1
        _token
        cg7DX6UcWbD3xLXWU4ODWLg1CurAcIGGgrjY1UsS
        locale
        ar
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://www.corspedia.com/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA/introd...
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA/introducing-ict-systems
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:24 [ "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.145.61.184" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.145.61.184" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "90fe95e26eb1e266-ORD" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "www.corspedia.com" ] "content-length" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:50 [ "USER" => "www-data" "HOME" => "/var/www" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "3.145.61.184" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "3.145.61.184" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "90fe95e26eb1e266-ORD" "HTTP_HOST" => "www.corspedia.com" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "SERVER_NAME" => "corspedia.com" "SERVER_PORT" => "443" "SERVER_ADDR" => "141.95.147.152" "REMOTE_USER" => "" "REMOTE_PORT" => "61622" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "108.162.216.142" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "nginx/1.18.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "HTTPS" => "on" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "https" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/2.0" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/var/www/corspedia/public" "DOCUMENT_URI" => "/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA/introducing-ict-systems" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/index.php" "CONTENT_LENGTH" => "" "CONTENT_TYPE" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/var/www/corspedia/public/index.php" "PATH_INFO" => "" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1739216579.1957 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1739216579 ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 10 Feb 2025 19:42:59 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRLSHJKRDBWZWdjaFRWY3NKenExZnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMXk1cDlzTDYwV1VPQzhvQTN3VDRtSnhjNlVCeFFvN1FrcXhTcmZtZ0dLQXpKZVV6M3U1WlM2eHhMK0I4aUF0aExNd2FjMXUzY2tUbEE2WGJ4VkJSVEdhNmZkRWVucEswb253eTdaZHlxNyttMFJDZ2dlMmRiY3krWHcrSzg4S3giLCJtYWMiOiJkOTkyYzJmOWQ3MGM3N2JjYzQ2MDQ2Nzc2NjM4NWYzODgyMWYzYjI0ZWVkZTcxZjVmODc5MTM2ZWVlZThmYzE2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 10 Feb 2025 21:42:59 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRLSHJKRDBWZWdjaFRWY3NKenExZnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMXk1cDlzTDYwV1VPQzhvQTN3VDRtSnhjNlVCeFFvN1FrcXhTcmZtZ0dLQXpKZVV6M3U1WlM2eHhMK0I4aUF0aExNd2FjM" 1 => "laravel_session=eyJpdiI6ImJ3TWoxQy9rTjhLVmZIQy9qUFAwMnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWTZNWGlhT1FlbEduV0xFTmJiWDZHdkQ1TStTWlg0Z3VpOUoxUFU3WXo0UGNMblA3T24vT2xHY0F6NzFVcEgxZ00zbHhtZHRHQWJlYTVtOEZjcEhqWGlINjZOZVNoaElIS0k3L29ZT1h2SzBEWUd4VGVPVEwyeU9JQnFyTGY0VHMiLCJtYWMiOiI1NTQwNzYxZGQ3MTljYmZlNGEzZTYwODc0MzQ0MDA2YTdkZmVkZWE5NGM0MTI0NWU5MmI3YjMxZjYzZDM1NGUxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 10 Feb 2025 21:42:59 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxlaravel_session=eyJpdiI6ImJ3TWoxQy9rTjhLVmZIQy9qUFAwMnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWTZNWGlhT1FlbEduV0xFTmJiWDZHdkQ1TStTWlg0Z3VpOUoxUFU3WXo0UGNMblA3T24vT2xHY0F6NzFVcEgxZ00z" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRLSHJKRDBWZWdjaFRWY3NKenExZnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMXk1cDlzTDYwV1VPQzhvQTN3VDRtSnhjNlVCeFFvN1FrcXhTcmZtZ0dLQXpKZVV6M3U1WlM2eHhMK0I4aUF0aExNd2FjMXUzY2tUbEE2WGJ4VkJSVEdhNmZkRWVucEswb253eTdaZHlxNyttMFJDZ2dlMmRiY3krWHcrSzg4S3giLCJtYWMiOiJkOTkyYzJmOWQ3MGM3N2JjYzQ2MDQ2Nzc2NjM4NWYzODgyMWYzYjI0ZWVkZTcxZjVmODc5MTM2ZWVlZThmYzE2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 10-Feb-2025 21:42:59 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRLSHJKRDBWZWdjaFRWY3NKenExZnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMXk1cDlzTDYwV1VPQzhvQTN3VDRtSnhjNlVCeFFvN1FrcXhTcmZtZ0dLQXpKZVV6M3U1WlM2eHhMK0I4aUF0aExNd2FjM" 1 => "laravel_session=eyJpdiI6ImJ3TWoxQy9rTjhLVmZIQy9qUFAwMnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWTZNWGlhT1FlbEduV0xFTmJiWDZHdkQ1TStTWlg0Z3VpOUoxUFU3WXo0UGNMblA3T24vT2xHY0F6NzFVcEgxZ00zbHhtZHRHQWJlYTVtOEZjcEhqWGlINjZOZVNoaElIS0k3L29ZT1h2SzBEWUd4VGVPVEwyeU9JQnFyTGY0VHMiLCJtYWMiOiI1NTQwNzYxZGQ3MTljYmZlNGEzZTYwODc0MzQ0MDA2YTdkZmVkZWE5NGM0MTI0NWU5MmI3YjMxZjYzZDM1NGUxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 10-Feb-2025 21:42:59 GMT; path=/; httponlylaravel_session=eyJpdiI6ImJ3TWoxQy9rTjhLVmZIQy9qUFAwMnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWTZNWGlhT1FlbEduV0xFTmJiWDZHdkQ1TStTWlg0Z3VpOUoxUFU3WXo0UGNMblA3T24vT2xHY0F6NzFVcEgxZ00z" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "cg7DX6UcWbD3xLXWU4ODWLg1CurAcIGGgrjY1UsS" "locale" => "ar" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://www.corspedia.com/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA/introducing-ict-systems" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]